MarkJFox: 1 revision imported

2025-03-31T20:00:14Z

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← Older revision	Revision as of 22:00, 31 March 2025
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en>Renegade: Just saving this in case disaster strikes, Sleipnir's goes down, and we need these values. Given that DZ is already gone, it's not as unlikely as one may think.

2011-04-03T14:08:09Z

Just saving this in case disaster strikes, Sleipnir's goes down, and we need these values. Given that DZ is already gone, it's not as unlikely as one may think.

New page

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In computer graphics, normals are vectors which indicate which direction a plain faces in 3-dimensional space. They allow the graphics engine to apply the proper light and shadow to the surface.<br>
In Westwood's voxel engines, these surface normals are stored in lookup tables - large sets of X,Y,Z values for each normal, each assigned an index. Any given volumetric pixel in a .vxl format is assigned such an index, thus attaching the voxel to a normal and enabling the engine to light it properly.

Each .vxl file also has a "normals index". In this case, index doesn't refer to the index of an individual vector, but marks the "generation" of normals used - higher indices are used by later games and point at larger lookup-tables.

How each index is lit is determined by voxel.vpl.

==Perfect Normals==
Historically, the normal values for each normal index had been unknown to the community. While voxel editors existed and allowed changing the normal index of each voxel, what each normal index meant was largely based on experience, documentation and guesswork, and good-looking voxels were usually only achieved after many hours of trial-and-error normals painting by the modeler.<br>
[http://www.sleipnirstuff.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8048 bglman's discovery of the normals values] on April 28, 2004 revolutionized voxel- and normals editing by allowing asset creators to make informed decisions about which normal to choose, and by allowing tool creators to dramatically improve the quality of autonormal algorithms.

==Normal lists==
===Index 1 Normals===
{| cellpadding="4" class="table_descrow"
!X
!Y
!Z
|-
| 0.549463|| -0.000183|| -0.835518
|-
| 0.000144|| 0.549404|| -0.835557
|-
| -0.549404|| -0.000068|| -0.835557
|-
| 0.000106|| -0.549463|| -0.835518
|-
| 0.949008|| 0.000316|| -0.315250
|-
| -0.000186|| 0.948997|| -0.315284
|-
| -0.948997|| 0.000318|| -0.315284
|-
| -0.000447|| -0.949008|| -0.315250
|-
| 0.950844|| -0.000279|| 0.309671
|-
| 0.000202|| 0.950848|| 0.309657
|-
| -0.950848|| -0.000070|| 0.309657
|-
| 0.000147|| -0.950844|| 0.309671
|-
| 0.552370|| -0.000011|| 0.833599
|-
| 0.000020|| 0.552380|| 0.833592
|-
| -0.552380|| 0.000057|| 0.833593
|-
| -0.000066|| -0.552370|| 0.833599
|}

===Index 2 Normals (Tiberian Sun)===
{| cellpadding="4" class="table_descrow"
!X
!Y
!Z
|-
| 0.671214|| 0.198492|| -0.714194
|-
| 0.269643|| 0.584394|| -0.765360
|-
| -0.040546|| 0.096988|| -0.994459
|-
| -0.572428|| -0.091914|| -0.814787
|-
| -0.171401|| -0.572710|| -0.801639
|-
| 0.362557|| -0.302999|| -0.881331
|-
| 0.810347|| -0.348972|| -0.470698
|-
| 0.103962|| 0.938672|| -0.328767
|-
| -0.324047|| 0.587669|| -0.741376
|-
| -0.800865|| 0.340461|| -0.492647
|-
| -0.665498|| -0.590147|| -0.456989
|-
| 0.314767|| -0.803002|| -0.506073
|-
| 0.972629|| 0.151076|| -0.176550
|-
| 0.680291|| 0.684236|| -0.262727
|-
| -0.520079|| 0.827777|| -0.210483
|-
| -0.961644|| -0.179001|| -0.207847
|-
| -0.262714|| -0.937451|| -0.228401
|-
| 0.219707|| -0.971301|| 0.091125
|-
| 0.923808|| -0.229975|| 0.306087
|-
| -0.082489|| 0.970660|| 0.225866
|-
| -0.591798|| 0.696790|| 0.405289
|-
| -0.925296|| 0.366601|| 0.097111
|-
| -0.705051|| -0.687775|| 0.172828
|-
| 0.732400|| -0.680367|| -0.026305
|-
| 0.855162|| 0.374582|| 0.358311
|-
| 0.473006|| 0.836480|| 0.276705
|-
| -0.097617|| 0.654112|| 0.750072
|-
| -0.904124|| -0.153725|| 0.398658
|-
| -0.211916|| -0.858090|| 0.467732
|-
| 0.500227|| -0.674408|| 0.543091
|-
| 0.584539|| -0.110249|| 0.803841
|-
| 0.437373|| 0.454644|| 0.775889
|-
| -0.042441|| 0.083318|| 0.995619
|-
| -0.596251|| 0.220132|| 0.772028
|-
| -0.506455|| -0.396977|| 0.765449
|-
| 0.070569|| -0.478474|| 0.875262
|}

===Index 3 Normals===
{| cellpadding="4" class="table_descrow"
!X
!Y
!Z
|-
| 0.456511|| -0.073968|| -0.886638
|-
| 0.507694|| 0.385117|| -0.770670
|-
| 0.095432|| 0.226664|| -0.969286
|-
| -0.358766|| 0.543188|| -0.759101
|-
| -0.361276|| 0.132995|| -0.922926
|-
| -0.483117|| -0.324066|| -0.813375
|-
| -0.018073|| -0.197559|| -0.980124
|-
| 0.321100|| -0.501477|| -0.803378
|-
| 0.799491|| 0.069616|| -0.596630
|-
| 0.390971|| 0.771306|| -0.502224
|-
| 0.080782|| 0.614490|| -0.784778
|-
| -0.732750|| 0.411431|| -0.542035
|-
| -0.735254|| 0.009102|| -0.677731
|-
| -0.802494|| -0.394908|| -0.447271
|-
| -0.134130|| -0.589155|| -0.796809
|-
| 0.719553|| -0.376227|| -0.583693
|-
| 0.966875|| 0.173593|| -0.187132
|-
| 0.760831|| 0.519106|| -0.389443
|-
| -0.114642|| 0.875519|| -0.469386
|-
| -0.532367|| 0.768859|| -0.354177
|-
| -0.962267|| 0.024977|| -0.270958
|-
| -0.467387|| -0.721986|| -0.510182
|-
| 0.058450|| -0.852354|| -0.519689
|-
| 0.498233|| -0.743740|| -0.445663
|-
| 0.939151|| -0.270245|| -0.212044
|-
| 0.583932|| 0.809442|| -0.061857
|-
| 0.183797|| 0.973228|| -0.138007
|-
| -0.884355|| 0.452219|| -0.115822
|-
| -0.943178|| -0.332067|| 0.012138
|-
| -0.698440|| -0.706567|| -0.113772
|-
| -0.228411|| -0.954706|| -0.190694
|-
| 0.731564|| -0.675861|| -0.089588
|-
| 0.969251|| 0.046804|| 0.241582
|-
| 0.855647|| 0.503477|| 0.119916
|-
| -0.251153|| 0.967947|| -0.000081
|-
| -0.647795|| 0.756749|| 0.087712
|-
| -0.969164|| 0.145194|| 0.199100
|-
| -0.414793|| -0.888967|| 0.194126
|-
| 0.250775|| -0.961178|| -0.115109
|-
| 0.478629|| -0.842593|| 0.246883
|-
| 0.890044|| -0.396142|| 0.225595
|-
| 0.524051|| 0.762360|| 0.379707
|-
| 0.119620|| 0.945482|| 0.302910
|-
| -0.760850|| 0.490075|| 0.425362
|-
| -0.869785|| -0.202150|| 0.450122
|-
| -0.709467|| -0.602424|| 0.365707
|-
| 0.019309|| -0.958871|| 0.283186
|-
| 0.626113|| -0.564677|| 0.537701
|-
| 0.769943|| -0.126663|| 0.625415
|-
| 0.764191|| 0.350702|| 0.541314
|-
| -0.001878|| 0.741367|| 0.671098
|-
| -0.370880|| 0.818368|| 0.439001
|-
| -0.713909|| 0.128652|| 0.688318
|-
| -0.295165|| -0.738664|| 0.606014
|-
| 0.186195|| -0.738369|| 0.648184
|-
| 0.387523|| -0.358783|| 0.849176
|-
| 0.481022|| 0.124846|| 0.867774
|-
| 0.391808|| 0.545056|| 0.741216
|-
| -0.003536|| 0.365598|| 0.930766
|-
| -0.420498|| 0.484961|| 0.766808
|-
| -0.354903|| 0.019470|| 0.934700
|-
| -0.547837|| -0.359208|| 0.755543
|-
| -0.106662|| -0.445115|| 0.889098
|-
| 0.086796|| -0.059307|| 0.994459
|}

===Index 4 Normals (Red Alert 2)===
{| cellpadding="4" class="table_descrow"
!X
!Y
!Z
|-
| 0.526578|| -0.359621|| -0.770317
|-
| 0.150482|| 0.435984|| 0.887284
|-
| 0.414195|| 0.738255|| -0.532374
|-
| 0.075152|| 0.916249|| -0.393498
|-
| -0.316149|| 0.930736|| -0.183793
|-
| -0.773819|| 0.623334|| -0.112510
|-
| -0.900842|| 0.428537|| -0.069568
|-
| -0.998942|| -0.010971|| 0.044665
|-
| -0.979761|| -0.157670|| -0.123324
|-
| -0.911274|| -0.362371|| -0.195620
|-
| -0.624069|| -0.720941|| -0.301301
|-
| -0.310173|| -0.809345|| -0.498752
|-
| 0.146613|| -0.815819|| -0.559414
|-
| -0.716516|| -0.694356|| -0.066888
|-
| 0.503972|| -0.114202|| -0.856137
|-
| 0.455491|| 0.872627|| -0.176211
|-
| -0.005010|| -0.114373|| -0.993425
|-
| -0.104675|| -0.327701|| -0.938965
|-
| 0.560412|| 0.752589|| -0.345756
|-
| -0.060576|| 0.821628|| -0.566796
|-
| -0.302341|| 0.797007|| -0.522847
|-
| -0.671543|| 0.670740|| -0.314863
|-
| -0.778401|| -0.128357|| 0.614505
|-
| -0.924050|| 0.278382|| -0.261985
|-
| -0.699773|| -0.550491|| -0.455278
|-
| -0.568248|| -0.517189|| -0.640008
|-
| 0.054098|| -0.932864|| -0.356143
|-
| 0.758382|| 0.572893|| -0.310888
|-
| 0.003620|| 0.305026|| -0.952337
|-
| -0.060850|| -0.986886|| -0.149511
|-
| 0.635230|| 0.045478|| -0.770983
|-
| 0.521705|| 0.241309|| -0.818287
|-
| 0.269404|| 0.635425|| -0.723641
|-
| 0.045676|| 0.672754|| -0.738455
|-
| -0.180511|| 0.674657|| -0.715719
|-
| -0.397131|| 0.636640|| -0.661042
|-
| -0.552004|| 0.472515|| -0.687038
|-
| -0.772170|| 0.083090|| -0.629960
|-
| -0.669819|| -0.119533|| -0.732840
|-
| -0.540455|| -0.318444|| -0.778782
|-
| -0.386135|| -0.522789|| -0.759994
|-
| -0.261466|| -0.688567|| -0.676395
|-
| -0.019412|| -0.696103|| -0.717680
|-
| 0.303569|| -0.481844|| -0.821993
|-
| 0.681939|| -0.195129|| -0.704900
|-
| -0.244889|| -0.116562|| -0.962519
|-
| 0.800759|| -0.022979|| -0.598546
|-
| -0.370275|| 0.095584|| -0.923991
|-
| -0.330671|| -0.326578|| -0.885440
|-
| -0.163220|| -0.527579|| -0.833679
|-
| 0.126390|| -0.313146|| -0.941257
|-
| 0.349548|| -0.272226|| -0.896498
|-
| 0.239918|| -0.085825|| -0.966992
|-
| 0.390845|| 0.081537|| -0.916838
|-
| 0.255267|| 0.268697|| -0.928785
|-
| 0.146245|| 0.480438|| -0.864749
|-
| -0.326016|| 0.478456|| -0.815349
|-
| -0.469682|| -0.112519|| -0.875636
|-
| 0.818440|| -0.258520|| -0.513151
|-
| -0.474318|| 0.292238|| -0.830433
|-
| 0.778943|| 0.395842|| -0.486371
|-
| 0.624094|| 0.393773|| -0.674870
|-
| 0.740886|| 0.203834|| -0.639953
|-
| 0.480217|| 0.565768|| -0.670297
|-
| 0.380930|| 0.424535|| -0.821378
|-
| -0.093422|| 0.501124|| -0.860318
|-
| -0.236485|| 0.296198|| -0.925387
|-
| -0.131531|| 0.093959|| -0.986849
|-
| -0.823562|| 0.295777|| -0.484006
|-
| 0.611066|| -0.624304|| -0.486664
|-
| 0.069496|| -0.520330|| -0.851133
|-
| 0.226522|| -0.664879|| -0.711775
|-
| 0.471308|| -0.568904|| -0.673957
|-
| 0.388425|| -0.742624|| -0.545560
|-
| 0.783675|| -0.480729|| -0.393385
|-
| 0.962394|| 0.135676|| -0.235349
|-
| 0.876607|| 0.172034|| -0.449406
|-
| 0.633405|| 0.589793|| -0.500941
|-
| 0.182276|| 0.800658|| -0.570721
|-
| 0.177003|| 0.764134|| 0.620297
|-
| -0.544016|| 0.675515|| -0.497721
|-
| -0.679297|| 0.286467|| -0.675642
|-
| -0.590391|| 0.091369|| -0.801929
|-
| -0.824360|| -0.133124|| -0.550189
|-
| -0.715794|| -0.334542|| -0.612961
|-
| 0.174286|| -0.892484|| 0.416049
|-
| -0.082528|| -0.837123|| -0.540753
|-
| 0.283331|| -0.880874|| -0.379189
|-
| 0.675134|| -0.426627|| -0.601817
|-
| 0.843720|| -0.512335|| -0.160156
|-
| 0.977304|| -0.098556|| -0.187520
|-
| 0.846295|| 0.522672|| -0.102947
|-
| 0.677141|| 0.721325|| -0.145501
|-
| 0.320965|| 0.870892|| -0.372194
|-
| -0.178978|| 0.911533|| -0.370236
|-
| -0.447169|| 0.826701|| -0.341474
|-
| -0.703203|| 0.496328|| -0.509081
|-
| -0.977181|| 0.063563|| -0.202674
|-
| -0.878170|| -0.412938|| 0.241455
|-
| -0.835831|| -0.358550|| -0.415728
|-
| -0.499174|| -0.693433|| -0.519592
|-
| -0.188789|| -0.923753|| -0.333225
|-
| 0.192254|| -0.969361|| -0.152896
|-
| 0.515940|| -0.783907|| -0.345392
|-
| 0.905925|| -0.300952|| -0.297871
|-
| 0.991112|| -0.127746|| 0.037107
|-
| 0.995135|| 0.098424|| -0.004383
|-
| 0.760123|| 0.646277|| 0.067367
|-
| 0.205221|| 0.959580|| -0.192591
|-
| -0.042750|| 0.979513|| -0.196791
|-
| -0.438017|| 0.898927|| 0.008492
|-
| -0.821994|| 0.480785|| -0.305239
|-
| -0.899917|| 0.081710|| -0.428337
|-
| -0.926612|| -0.144618|| -0.347096
|-
| -0.793660|| -0.557792|| -0.242839
|-
| -0.431350|| -0.847779|| -0.308558
|-
| -0.005492|| -0.965000|| 0.262193
|-
| 0.587905|| -0.804026|| -0.088940
|-
| 0.699493|| -0.667686|| -0.254765
|-
| 0.889303|| 0.359795|| -0.282291
|-
| 0.780972|| 0.197037|| 0.592672
|-
| 0.520121|| 0.506696|| 0.687557
|-
| 0.403895|| 0.693961|| 0.596060
|-
| -0.154983|| 0.899236|| 0.409090
|-
| -0.657338|| 0.537168|| 0.528543
|-
| -0.746195|| 0.334091|| 0.575827
|-
| -0.624952|| -0.049144|| 0.779115
|-
| 0.318141|| -0.254715|| 0.913185
|-
| -0.555897|| 0.405294|| 0.725752
|-
| -0.794434|| 0.099406|| 0.599160
|-
| -0.640361|| -0.689463|| 0.338495
|-
| -0.126713|| -0.734095|| 0.667120
|-
| 0.105457|| -0.780817|| 0.615795
|-
| 0.407993|| -0.480916|| 0.776055
|-
| 0.695136|| -0.545120|| 0.468647
|-
| 0.973191|| -0.006489|| 0.229908
|-
| 0.946894|| 0.317509|| -0.050799
|-
| 0.563583|| 0.825612|| 0.027183
|-
| 0.325773|| 0.945423|| 0.006949
|-
| -0.171821|| 0.985097|| -0.007815
|-
| -0.670441|| 0.739939|| 0.054769
|-
| -0.822981|| 0.554962|| 0.121322
|-
| -0.966193|| 0.117857|| 0.229307
|-
| -0.953769|| -0.294704|| 0.058945
|-
| -0.864387|| -0.502728|| -0.010015
|-
| -0.530609|| -0.842006|| -0.097366
|-
| -0.162618|| -0.984075|| 0.071772
|-
| 0.081447|| -0.996011|| 0.036439
|-
| 0.745984|| -0.665963|| 0.000762
|-
| 0.942057|| -0.329269|| -0.064106
|-
| 0.939702|| -0.281090|| 0.194803
|-
| 0.771214|| 0.550670|| 0.319363
|-
| 0.641348|| 0.730690|| 0.234021
|-
| 0.080682|| 0.996691|| 0.009879
|-
| -0.046725|| 0.976643|| 0.209725
|-
| -0.531076|| 0.821001|| 0.209562
|-
| -0.695815|| 0.655990|| 0.292435
|-
| -0.976122|| 0.216709|| -0.014913
|-
| -0.961661|| -0.144129|| 0.233314
|-
| -0.772084|| -0.613647|| 0.165299
|-
| -0.449600|| -0.836060|| 0.314426
|-
| -0.392700|| -0.914616|| 0.096247
|-
| 0.390589|| -0.919470|| 0.044890
|-
| 0.582529|| -0.799198|| 0.148127
|-
| 0.866431|| -0.489812|| 0.096864
|-
| 0.904587|| 0.111498|| 0.411450
|-
| 0.953537|| 0.232330|| 0.191806
|-
| 0.497311|| 0.770803|| 0.398177
|-
| 0.194066|| 0.956320|| 0.218611
|-
| 0.422876|| 0.882276|| 0.206797
|-
| -0.373797|| 0.849566|| 0.372174
|-
| -0.534497|| 0.714023|| 0.452200
|-
| -0.881827|| 0.237160|| 0.407598
|-
| -0.904948|| -0.014069|| 0.425289
|-
| -0.751827|| -0.512817|| 0.414458
|-
| -0.501015|| -0.697917|| 0.511758
|-
| -0.235190|| -0.925923|| 0.295555
|-
| 0.228983|| -0.953940|| 0.193819
|-
| 0.734025|| -0.634898|| 0.241062
|-
| 0.913753|| -0.063253|| -0.401316
|-
| 0.905735|| -0.161487|| 0.391875
|-
| 0.858930|| 0.342446|| 0.380749
|-
| 0.624486|| 0.607581|| 0.490777
|-
| 0.289264|| 0.857479|| 0.425508
|-
| 0.069968|| 0.902169|| 0.425671
|-
| -0.286180|| 0.940700|| 0.182165
|-
| -0.574013|| 0.805119|| -0.149309
|-
| 0.111258|| 0.099718|| -0.988776
|-
| -0.305393|| -0.944228|| -0.123160
|-
| -0.601166|| -0.789576|| 0.123163
|-
| -0.290645|| -0.812140|| 0.505919
|-
| -0.064920|| -0.877163|| 0.475785
|-
| 0.408301|| -0.862216|| 0.299789
|-
| 0.566097|| -0.725566|| 0.391264
|-
| 0.839364|| -0.427387|| 0.335869
|-
| 0.818900|| -0.041305|| 0.572448
|-
| 0.719784|| 0.414997|| 0.556497
|-
| 0.881744|| 0.450270|| 0.140659
|-
| 0.401823|| -0.898220|| -0.178152
|-
| -0.054020|| 0.791344|| 0.608980
|-
| -0.293774|| 0.763994|| 0.574465
|-
| -0.450798|| 0.610347|| 0.651351
|-
| -0.638221|| 0.186694|| 0.746873
|-
| -0.872870|| -0.257127|| 0.414708
|-
| -0.587257|| -0.521710|| 0.618828
|-
| -0.353658|| -0.641974|| 0.680291
|-
| 0.041649|| -0.611273|| 0.790323
|-
| 0.348342|| -0.779183|| 0.521087
|-
| 0.499167|| -0.622441|| 0.602826
|-
| 0.790019|| -0.303831|| 0.532500
|-
| 0.660118|| 0.060733|| 0.748702
|-
| 0.604921|| 0.294161|| 0.739960
|-
| 0.385697|| 0.379346|| 0.841032
|-
| 0.239693|| 0.207876|| 0.948332
|-
| 0.012623|| 0.258532|| 0.965920
|-
| -0.100557|| 0.457147|| 0.883688
|-
| 0.046967|| 0.628588|| 0.776319
|-
| -0.430391|| -0.445405|| 0.785097
|-
| -0.434291|| -0.196228|| 0.879139
|-
| -0.256637|| -0.336867|| 0.905902
|-
| -0.131372|| -0.158910|| 0.978514
|-
| 0.102379|| -0.208767|| 0.972592
|-
| 0.195687|| -0.450129|| 0.871258
|-
| 0.627319|| -0.423148|| 0.653771
|-
| 0.687439|| -0.171583|| 0.705682
|-
| 0.275920|| -0.021255|| 0.960946
|-
| 0.459367|| 0.157466|| 0.874178
|-
| 0.285395|| 0.583184|| 0.760556
|-
| -0.812174|| 0.460303|| 0.358461
|-
| -0.189068|| 0.641223|| 0.743698
|-
| -0.338875|| 0.476480|| 0.811252
|-
| -0.920994|| 0.347186|| 0.176727
|-
| 0.040639|| 0.024465|| 0.998874
|-
| -0.739132|| -0.353747|| 0.573190
|-
| -0.603512|| -0.286615|| 0.744060
|-
| -0.188676|| -0.547059|| 0.815554
|-
| -0.026045|| -0.397820|| 0.917094
|-
| 0.267897|| -0.649041|| 0.712023
|-
| 0.518246|| -0.284891|| 0.806386
|-
| 0.493451|| -0.066533|| 0.867225
|-
| -0.328188|| 0.140251|| 0.934143
|-
| -0.328188|| 0.140251|| 0.934143
|-
| -0.328188|| 0.140251|| 0.934143
|-
| -0.328188|| 0.140251|| 0.934143
|}

==See also==
*[[Voxel]]
*[[wikipedia:surface normal|Wikipedia on surface normals]]
*[http://www.sleipnirstuff.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8048 Perfect normals discovery thread]
*[http://www.sleipnirstuff.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=168646#168646 bglman's values for indices 1-3]
*[http://www.sleipnirstuff.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=168513#168513 bglman's values for index 4]

*[http://ppmsite.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30026 .VPL research thread]

Normals - Revision history

MarkJFox: 1 revision imported

en>Renegade: Just saving this in case disaster strikes, Sleipnir's goes down, and we need these values. Given that DZ is already gone, it's not as unlikely as one may think.